<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">“Healthline” journal is a peer reviewed official publication of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine - Gujarat Chapter (IAPSM-GC). It is an indexed medical journal (in DOAJ, Index Copernicus, OPENJGATE, CABI, OpenAIRE and Index Medicus-SEAR) published quarterly. The “Healthline” aims to promote quality research in the field of Community Medicine and Public health.
<p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: #444444; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: #444444; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Articles in "Healthline Journal" are Open Access articles. The license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work and source is properly cited, and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Awareness of Obstetric and Newborn Danger Signs Among Rural Pregnant Women in Belagavi: A Community - Based Cross - Sectional Study
Introduction: Globally, as per WHO Statistics 2017, approximately 810 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal morbidity and mortality could be prevented to a greater extent if women and their families recognize obstetric danger signs and thus reduce the delay in seeking health care at the right time. Objectives: The study was done to assess the awareness of key danger signs in pregnancy, labour and childbirth, postpartum (first two days after delivery) and in newborn during first seven days after delivery among rural pregnant women. Methods: A community based cross – sectional study was conducted among 400 pregnant women who had completed 28-week gestation in the rural field practice area of a Primary Health Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka for one year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Stratified purposive sampling method with population proportionate sampling was used across nine sub-centers. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 24.3±3.6 years. Out of the 400 pregnant women in the study, 73 (18.2%) had good awareness about obstetric and newborn key danger signs. Those who were in ≥ 25 years age group (AOR:3.259, p<0.001), those who belonged to upper and middle socio-economic class (AOR:2.600, p=0.002) and multigravida (AOR:10.205, p<0.001) were positively associated with better awareness about the key danger signs. Conclusion: Two out of ten pregnant women were having good knowledge about the danger signs during pregnancy, labour and childbirth, postpartum and newborn. Good awareness was associated with age, socio-economic status and gravida.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandhya Gowthaman, Deepti M Kadeangadi, Shivaswamy M S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of Caesarean Delivery on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Health Facilities in India: A Secondary Data Analysis Using NFHS-5 Data
Introduction: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is crucial for neonatal survival and wellbeing. Caesarean section (C-section) is known to delay EIBF due to reduced opportunity for mother-infant contact. Objective: To assess the association between C-section and Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) in institutional deliveries in India. Method: Secondary data analysis of NFHS-5 data (2019–21) was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using R programming version 4.5.2. The exposure variable studied was type of delivery (Caesarean or Vaginal), main outcome was Early Initiation of Breastfeeding. Results: Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) was observed in 47% of 127,969 institutional births and was found to be lower following C-section (aOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.48–0.54). Maternal education, birthweight, ANC visits, and urban residence positively correlated with EIBF. Conclusion: C-section was significantly associated with delay in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding. Active support and targeted intervention for mother-baby dyad could potentially increase EIBF rates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frederick Satiro Vaz, Gowtham M Khan, Paramveer Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in Botad District, Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: The Universal Immunization Program (UIP) is a key public health intervention aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite substantial national progress in India, regional disparities in coverage and implementation still persist. Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Universal Immunization Program in Botad district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Botad district (Gujarat) from 2023 to 2025. Ten Primary Health Centres (8 rural and 2 urban) were selected using stratified random sampling, and 30 villages were chosen through WHO cluster sampling. Data were collected using structured checklist for facility assessments, immunization session observations, interviews, and household surveys of 150 children aged 12–23 months, 30 antenatal women, and 30 adolescents. Evaluation indicators included human resource availability, training status, microplanning, cold chain management, session quality, supervision, and immunization coverage. Results: The evaluation revealed absence of routine immunization training for healthcare workers in the past three years. Only 30% of PHCs had complete routine immunization microplans, supervision plans were available only in 10% of facilities. Cold chain maintenance was satisfactory. However, session observations identified gaps in safe injection practices (40%), post-vaccination observation (10%), and delivery of four key messages (20%). Full immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months was 79.3%. Td coverage was 100% among pregnant women, while among adolescents it was 60% for Td1 and 40% for Td2. Conclusion: UIP implementation in Botad district showed moderate coverage and satisfactory cold chain management but was limited by gaps in training, supervision, microplanning, and session quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaymeen Trivedi, Ghanshyam Ahir, Vijay Sondarva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
“Sensitization-Immersion-Reflection”: A Structured Approach to AETCOM learning in Phase-2 MBBS Students
Introduction: Medical education is a multidimensional discipline encompassing knowledge, clinical skills, attitudes, and effective communication, which are pivotal in shaping competent healthcare professionals.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sensitization-Immersion-Reflection framework as an innovative method to enhance learning and assessment of AETCOM competencies.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the S I R framework in Enhancing Phase-2 MBBS students' understanding and application of AETCOM competencies.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sensitization Immersion Reflection framework in enhancing understanding and application of AETCOM competencies. The interventional study was conducted over a period of 3 months and included a sensitization session on ethical concepts through interactive large group teaching followed by an Immersion Phase which featured role plays, case discussions, and cinemeducation to deepen understanding. The understanding and analysis of the students were further assessed in the Reflection Phase through guided reflective writing. Results: 105 students were part of the study, The observations were recorded in terms of knowledge, attitude and communication. Significant improvements were observed in their Knowledge on ethical concepts, post-intervention students demonstrated a significant increase in their ability to identify key ethical principles, as reflected in their reflective writing and discussions. Attitudes: 43% strongly agreed on discussing ethics during clinical rounds, and 38.7% supported respecting patients wishes. 98.9% of students revealed increased awareness of the complexities of ethical dilemmas encountered during role plays.Conclusion: The S-I-R approach effectively enhanced bioethics knowledge shifted attitudes toward ethical practice, and provided valuable feedback.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manisha S Mane, Syeda Saba Hashmiya, Sudha Bala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Utilization of Benefits under Nikshay Poshan Yojana by Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat, India
Introduction: Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) was launched in 2018 to meet nutritional needs of tuberculosis patients. Objectives: 1. To assess the utilization pattern of monetary benefits under NPY among tuberculosis (TB) patients. 2. To explore the determinants of correct utilization of monetary benefits among TB patients. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among TB patients (480) across 32 TB units of Ahmedabad. Fifteen TB patients from each TB unit who had received monetary benefits under the NPY were selected purposively and information regarding Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) utilization were collected through one-on-one interviews. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS, employing chi square statistics and logistic regression to identify the predictors of utilization. : Among all the participants, only 394 (82%) patients utilized the received monetary benefit. Six (1%) participants didn’t utilise the monetary benefit despite receiving it while 80 (17%) participants were unaware about the received monetary benefits. Among those who utilized the monetary benefit, 289 (73.3%) participants used it for nutritional supplementation while 105 (26.7%) used it for non-nutritional purposes. Previously treated TB patients (AOR=0.164; p<0.001) and presence of food insecurity (AOR=2.322; p<0.001) were found to be the main determinants of correct utilization of monetary benefit. Conclusion: A significant proportion of beneficiaries utilized DBT for nutritional purposes, but a considerable number either spent on non-nutritional needs or were unaware about the received benefit. Type of TB case and food security status were found to be the key predictors of intended utilization of benefits received.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hothal Vegad, Sudhanshu Saurabh, Aparajita Shukla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Challenges Faced by Community Health Officers in Delivering Comprehensive Primary Health Care at Ayushman Arogya Mandir in a Rural Area of West Bengal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Community Health Officers (CHOs), play pivotal role in delivering Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) at Ayushman Arogya Mandir (AAM) are facing several workplace challenges which may hinder their effective functioning and influence service delivery outcomes. Objectives: 1.To find-out challenges faced by CHOs delivering CPHC 2.to assess primary stressor and key areas of improvement of services as reported by them. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 CHOs working at sub-centre level AAMs of Howrah Sadar subdivision, West Bengal by complete enumeration method. Data were collected by pretested, semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used and for analytical part Chi-square test and logistic-regression performed. Results: Among the study participants, 39.5% had residence >10km from workplace, 61.2% reported non-availability of water at working place, 38.2% reported poor sanitation, 44.7% reported net connectivity problem and 30.3% reported scarcity of essential medicines at their AAMs. Around 84% felt that improvement in infrastructure, 72% perceived increased manpower would lead to improvement of services. Primary stressor was reported to be related to health care service delivery by 71%. Primary stressor significantly associated with age group (p<0.0001), education (p=0.003) and residential distance (p=0.02) and age group was significant predictor(p=0.002) of primary stressor. Conclusion: Inadequate infrastructures and lack of logistic supports were major challenges faced by CHOs on delivering health services. Increasing manpower and infrastructure development was to be helpful for improving healthcare services according to CHOs. Work related stress of CHOs was significantly associated with age, healthcare service delivery, educational qualification, and distance from their residence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanchay Pandey, Sukanta Majumdar, Shuvankar Mukherjee, Manidipa Roy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association of Physical Activity with Metabolic Syndrome among Patients Attending Diabetes Out-Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome, or MetS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Physical activity could be beneficial in preventing the various components of MetS. Objectives: To evaluate the association of physical activity with glycemic control and presence of MetS among the study population and to estimate the burden of metabolic syndrome in patients attending the diabetes out-patient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Method: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 384 patients with diabetes mellitus seeking healthcare service from the Diabetes OPD of a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata from 8th April to 8th June 2023, using a predesigned, pretested and structured schedule that included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The participants were selected by a consecutive sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews, review of records and anthropometry were carried for data collection. Results: Among the 384 participants, 57.8% had inadequate physical activity. Patients performing adequate vigorous physical activity had a higher odds ratio of having ideal/satisfactory glycaemic control. Adequate moderate (OR 0.595, 95% CI 0.361-0.983, p 0.043) or vigorous (OR 0.139, 95% CI 0.049-0.395, p <0.001) physical activity had a significantly lower odds ratio of having MetS. Conclusion: Performing physical activity for adequate duration helps in attaining satisfactory glycemic control and preventing MetS in diabetic patients.
International Physical Activity Questionnaire
Copyright (c) 2026 Somnath Naskar, Ankita Mishra, Prince Kerketta, Mausumi Basu, Shalini Pattanayak, Amitabha Sarkar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Temporal Trends and Geographic Variation in Cervical Cancer Cases (2005-2023): Insights from State Cancer Institute of Western India
Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a significant global public health concern, with a disproportionate burden observed in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To study epidemiological profile of the cervical cancer cases at the Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute (GCRI) over 19-year period (2005–2023). Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized cancer registry data and electronic medical records from the GCRI. The study included all histologically confirmed (23,573) cervical cancer cases registered between January 2005 and December 2023. Annual trends in case registrations, age distribution, and geographic distribution (district level within Gujarat and state level across India) were analyzed. Results: Data shows annual registrations of cervical cancer peaks at 1,446 in 2014 before a marked decline to 614 in 2023 (APC= -4.94%). The mean age at diagnosis was 49.4±11.31 years, with the 40–49 age group representing the highest vulnerability (33.72%). While 27.92% of patients migrated from outside Gujarat- primarily from Rajasthan (15.88%) and Madhya Pradesh (9.22%) the intra-state burden was highest in the Ahmedabad district (19.43%). Significant geographic variance was observed, with registrations ranging from 7.00% in Sabarkantha to as low as 0.07% in the Dang district. Conclusions: This 19-year epidemiological analysis of cervical cancer cases at the GCRI reveals marked decline in hospital-based registrations since 2015. However, the persistent geographic inequities identified throughout the study period highlight critical need for targeted outreach and intensified screening in underserved regions. These longitudinal findings underscore the importance of strengthening preventive interventions to align with the World Health Organization’s 2030 cervical cancer elimination targets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anand G Shah, Devanshi Raval, Hiral Dabhi, Bijal M. Patel, Rohini Patel, Zankhana Modi, Janvi Pandya, Mohit N. Makwana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Burden and Determinants of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression Among Antenatal Females in an Urban Area of North India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health disorders experienced during pregnancy having a reported between 8.7% and 65% in India. Antenatal depression has been linked to negative health-related behaviors and adverse outcomes among the pregnant females and their neonates. Objective: The present study was designed with the primary aim of determining the prevalence and determinants of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among antenatal females. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out between February 2023 to August 2024 among 220 antenatal females selected through simple random sampling. A pre- tested semi-structured interview schedule, GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) scales were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative data and chi square test was applied to the categorical data. Results: There were 216 participants and among them, 26.9% had some degree of depression. Mild, moderate and severe anxiety were seen in 25.9%, 5.6% and 2.8% of the participants, respectively. Factors like advanced maternal age, lower socioeconomic status, nuclear family structure, lifetime and current experiences of domestic violence, unwanted pregnancy, advanced gestation and a male child preference were significantly associated (p value <0.05) with antenatal depression and anxiety. Conclusion: A high prevalence of antenatal depression and anxiety was associated with various socio-demographic and obstetric factors. The use of screening tools was found to be a feasible method to identify antenatal depression and anxiety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nitika Sharma, Garima Sangwan, Savita Chahal, Manju Rani, Dhriti Bapna, Rajesh Garg (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence of Hypertension among Adolescents in a Rural Area of Madurai District: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Hypertension among adults is an important public health problem nowadays. Uncontrolled hypertension leads to certain complications such as chronic kidney diseases, heart failure, stroke, etc. Early screening of children and adolescents helps to identify those “at risk” of developing hypertension at a future date and also modify risk factors at earlier stage thereby preventing complications. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents aged 10-19 years in Madurai district. 2. To determine the risk factors associated with development of hypertension among the study participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of 420 adolescents in the age group of 10-19 years in Madurai district were included by cluster sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood Pressure (BP) was measured and diagnosis of hypertension was made based on guidelines of American Association of Pediatrics and Indian Pediatrics. Results: The present study revealed a prevalence of elevated BP as 2.1% and hypertension as 10.2%. Educational status (p=0.004), screen time (p=0.026) and family history (p=0.000) were significantly associated with adolescent hypertension. There was a positive correlation between Age and Systolic, Diastolic BP and also between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Systolic BP. Conclusion: Based on study findings, around 10.2% of the adolescent population was having hypertension. Non modifiable risk factors like family history of hypertension, age and modifiable risk factors like screen time, BMI were some of the factors associated with hypertension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Essakiraja Kanagasabapathy, Muthurajesh Easwaran, Waseemsha Shanavaz Basha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence and Determinants of Workplace Violence Against Resident Doctors: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Gujarat, India
Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) against health sector personnel has become an alarming phenomenon worldwide. The largest online survey conducted by the Indian Medical Association in the year 2017 noted that violence against doctors can be a dominant stressor among doctors. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and describe various determinants of workplace violence against resident doctors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2023 at tertiary care teaching hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat which was selected by convenient sampling. Resident doctors (n = 189) from all the departments who were willing to participate were interviewed personally using a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used. Results: The prevalence of WPV among resident doctors during the past 12 months was 41.26%. Most incidents were psychological in nature (75.64%), primarily perpetrated by patients’ relatives (62.82%), and occurred predominantly in emergency departments (55.13%). Out of all victims of WPV, only 34.62% had reported to authority. The common reasons for WPV found were lack of adequate security personnel (56.61%), prolonged duty hours and excessive workload (55.56%), and unrealistic expectations by the patient/relatives (55.03%). Most participants believed that sufficient security personnel (61.38%) and strengthening of existing law (58.20%) could prevent WPV. The study found a highly statistically significant association between the resident doctor’s branch and WPV. Conclusions: Nearly half of the resident doctors experienced WPV, mainly due to inadequate security, excessive workload, and unrealistic patient/relatives' expectations. However, only one-third reported the incidents, highlighting the need for effective redressal mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mayank R. Kapadiya, Roma S. Dadwani, Hetal Koringa, Vijay Ahir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Editorial: A Journey of Trust, Learning, and Gratitude
Copyright (c) 2026 Viral R Dave (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pattern and Severity of Substance Use Disorder among Patients Seeking Treatment at De-addiction Centres in District Amritsar, Punjab
Introduction: Worldwide substance use is a major public health problem. There are multiple socio-demographic correlates of substance use disorders. Objective: To study pattern and severity of substance use disorder (SUD) among patients seeking treatment at two de-addiction centres in Amritsar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 patients with substance use disorders seeking treatment selected by total enumerative method in the time period from 25th March – 24th April,2025 using a predesigned and pretested proforma. The severity of substance use disorder was graded as Mild=2-3, Moderate= 4-5 and Severe=6+ using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorder. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 36.4±11.1 years and majority (98%) were males. In order of frequency, substances used were opioids 170 (83.7%), alcohol 77 (37.9%), OTC (over the counter drugs) 42 (20.7%) and tobacco 31 (15.3%). Peer pressure was the commonest reason for the initiation of substance use. By grade, 170 (83.7%) participants had severe, 24 (11.8%) had moderate and 9 (4.5%) participants had mild grade of substance use disorder. Significant associations between severity of substance use disorder and frequency of substance use (OR= 3.61,95% CI=1.10-11.85), clinically diagnosed depression (OR=3.75, 95% CI=1.25-11.19), financial or legal issues faced due to substance use (OR =4.68, 95% CI=2.08-10.50) and current pattern of substance use (OR=4.30 95%, CI=1.50-12.32) were found. Conclusion: Sociocultural factors play a dominant role in substance use disorders. Socio-culturally relevant behaviour change communication and targeted interventions are need of the hour.
Copyright (c) 2025 Priyanka Devgun, Manisha Nagpal, Davinder Singh Bajwa, Harleen Kaur Ghara, Riya Gupta, Arshanpreet Kaur, Brisleen Kaur, Sehajpreet Kaur, Ivjeet Singh Kalkat, Pooja Khanna, Aditya Raj Malhotra, Kabir Singh Sadana, Akarshit Saini, Rajeshwar A Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction in Outpatient Department of PHCs in a Surendranagar District: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: The Bhore Committee (1946) proposed the Primary Health Centre (PHC) as the fundamental unit of the public health system, providing comprehensive care to rural populations, focusing on preventive and promotive aspects. PHC services should be comprehensive, accessible, acceptable, community-driven, and affordable. Patient satisfaction reflects their experience and attitude toward the quality of services provided. Objective: To assess the level of patient satisfaction with various quality-related parameters of outpatient department (OPD) at PHCs and to identify factors influencing satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to August 2023 among adult patients (aged 18 and above) attending the OPD of selected PHCs in Surendranagar District, Gujarat. Twenty PHCs were selected through simple random sampling (2 from each of the 10 talukas), and 10 patients per PHC were enrolled via convenience sampling. Patients with emergency conditions, chronic illnesses, or serious health issues were excluded. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, and analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26. Results: Overall, 81% (162) of patients were satisfied with their PHC visit. Key issues reported included unavailability of doctors (68%, 22), essential medicines (74%, 20), and drinking water (89%, 9). About 16.5% (33) faced difficulty reaching the PHC. Suggestions included ensuring drug availability (47.5%, 95), posting specialist doctors (30.5%, 61), and providing ambulance services (23.5%, 47). Conclusion: The study indicates high patient satisfaction with PHC services but highlights gaps in transportation, availability of doctors and medicines, and access to drinking water and ambulance services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saif Ali S. Kadri, Jay H. Nimavat, Kishor M. Sochaliya, Pratiksha R. Padhiyar, Pratik K. Jasani, Premsagar J. Vasava (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Frailty and its Determinants among Elderly People of Rural Tamil Nadu - A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Frailty is defined as a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from aging associated decline in reserve and function across multiple systems. Unlike chronological aging, frailty is a dynamic and potentially reversible condition if identified early. Understanding its prevalence, risk factors, and consequences is essential for developing targeted interventions that can improve quality of life, reduce healthcare costs, and promote healthy aging. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Frailty among elderly people aged 60 years and above in a rural area of Tamil Nadu Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in 166 elders using multistage sampling method to assess the prevalence of frailty of rural Tamil Nadu. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used and Frailty was measured using Fried’s phenotypic criteria. Results: The study revealed that the Prevalence of Frailty was found to be 33.1%, 54.2% were pre-frail and 12.7% were non-frail. Statistically significant association was found between prevalence of frailty and age, gender, level of education, marital status, living arrangement, economic independence and vision. Female participants were more frail (41.4%) than male participants (16.4%). This study shows 92.9% of the participants who were of age 80 years and above were frail. Conclusion: The study shows that frailty is a prevalent condition among the elderly, reflecting the growing vulnerability of this age group to adverse health outcomes. Comprehensive Geriatric Care addressing all domains of ageing must be implemented from primary health care.
Frailty, elderly, older people, Fried’s criteria
Copyright (c) 2025 Malai Ammal M, Vijayakumar M, Vijayalakshmi M (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Cross-Sectional Study of Diabetes Mellitus Profile among Bus Drivers of Surat City Depot, Gujarat, India
Introduction: India is witnessing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with type 2 diabetes mellitus emerging as a major public health challenge. Gujarat, with its oil- and sugar-rich diet, ranks second nationally in diabetes prevalence. Among high-risk occupational groups, professional bus drivers are particularly vulnerable due to sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and limited physical activity. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes among bus drivers. To determine risk factors associated with diabetes. Methods: This study was conducted from May to August 2023 at two major bus depots in Surat, Gujarat. Based on the NFHS-5 prevalence of diabetes and using universal sampling, a total of 321 eligible bus drivers were included. Data were collected via a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS v26, Epi Info v3, and Excel 2019, applying univariate and bivariate analyses. Results: The majority were aged 31–40 years 167 (52%), belonged to socioeconomic Class 2 159 (50%), and had 0–5 years of job experience 188 (58%). About 45 (14%) reported health issues, primarily hypertension 13 (29%) and diabetes 12 (27%). Diabetes prevalence was significantly associated with education (p<0.001), socioeconomic class (p=0.018), and urban residence (p=0.04). Diabetic drivers were older, had longer job tenures, and higher incomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant associations between diabetes prevalence 30 (9.3%) and factors such as age, education, waist-to-hip ratio, residence, income and job tenure
Copyright (c) 2025 Pratik M Makwana, Krupa R Gondaliya, Sukesha P Gamit, Jayant R Patel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge of Rabies and Wound Care after Animal Bite among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) in Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC): A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Rabies is a vaccine preventable disease having 100% fatality. India is endemic for Rabies accounting for 36% of the world’s Rabies deaths. ASHAs are the grass root level worker who spreads awareness about Rabies and wound care after animal bite. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge of Rabies among ASHAs. 2. To assess the knowledge of wound care after animal bite among them. 3. To determine the association of various sociodemographic factors with knowledge of Rabies and wound care after animal bite among ASHA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 139 ASHAs from Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation selected by stratified random sampling from 86 UPHC from September 2024 to November 2024. A self-administrating questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of ASHAs was 43.8 ± 8.1 years and mean work experience of 11.6 ± 5.8 years. None of them had any prior training in Rabies or wound care. Dog bite (92.1%) was the commonest source recognized by the majority of participants and 82% thought Rabies is fatal. About 97.1% knew about Rabies vaccine, 20% knew the right number of doses. 62.6% believed in traditional remedies for wound care, while 76.3% knew about washing the wound with soap and water. Total knowledge score was most strongly associated with work experience (p = 0.024). Conclusion: This study identifies lack of knowledge regarding Rabies and appropriate care of wounds following animal bites among ASHA workers in Ahmedabad city suggesting the need for training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vibhuti Chandera, Bhavna Puwar, Vaibhavi Patel, Birenkumar Patel, Bhavin Solanki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Brewing Epidemic of Research Publications in Medical Colleges: Critical Commentary
Today’s medical educator/health professional educator is undergoing an identity crisis as competing priorities are thrust on him/her. Being an astute clinician, teacher (with multiple sub roles involving pedagogical and technological skills), researcher and administrator the educator is expected to deliver on all the fronts which is easier said than done. The most important determinant of recognition and reward today is scholarship of discovery and not always scholarship of teaching, integration or application which seem surreal at the least. The accreditation and ranking of an institute hinge on the number and quality of research output. There are targets set for procuring research grants and patents. This looks progressive and necessary but there are concerns which need the attention of all stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manjunatha S Nagaraja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Cross-Sectional Study of Input-Output Performance of Health Facilities Under LaQshya: Evidence from Western Gujarat, India
Introduction: The Government of India has implemented LaQshya initiative to improve quality of intrapartum and postpartum care in public health facilities through structured quality improvement initiatives. Yet, empirical evidence on how preparedness at facility level affects outcomes in maternal service delivery is lacking in majority of districts in Gujarat. Objective: To measure the association between input preparedness and output performance indicators of the labour rooms in public health facilities implementing LaQshya in Rajkot district, Gujarat. Methods: A cross-sectional study (March–June 2022) in eight LaQshya-notified government facilities of Rajkot assessed input readiness using a checklist adapted from LaQshya standards. Domains included infrastructure, equipment, drugs, and human resources, summarized as composite input scores. Output measures covered deliveries, caesarean rates, PPH, breastfeeding initiation, patient satisfaction, and referral delays. Descriptive analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation examined associations between facility readiness and maternal health service outcomes. Results: Composite input scores in facilities ranged from 56.2% to 89.5%. There were statistically significant positive correlations between input scores and early initiation of breastfeeding (ρ = 0.72, p = 0.043) and delivery volume (ρ = 0.61, p = 0.05). Facilities with higher input scores consistently performed better in critical maternal health outcomes. Facilities with low input scores had evidence of delays in the referral process, low patient satisfaction rates, and gaps in availability of supplies. Conclusion: Facilities with stronger LaQshya input showed better maternal outcomes, especially breastfeeding and delivery volume. Strengthening inputs in facilities with poor score may reduce maternal morbidity and improve patient satisfaction significantly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gaurav B. Shukla, Mahaveer G. Golechha , Bharti D. Koria, Mitesh N. Bhanderi, Hiral A. Raval, Apurva N. Ratnu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality of Life among Patients with Neuropathic Pain Attending Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kolkata, India
Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a complex, painful condition, difficult to diagnose and treat with a negative impact on patients’ health and quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between neuropathic pain and quality of life along with identifying the limiting aspects in the daily life of the patients suffering from it; and also, to find out association of socio-demographic factors with quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months among 404 patients with neuropathic pain attending the outpatient department of Neuro-medicine and Physical medicine of a tertiary care teaching Hospital, Kolkata using WHO QOL-BREF Scale. Data were tabulated in MS-Excel spreadsheet, statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 26. Results: Among the study participants 264 (65.4%) were female, about 252 (62.2%) were Muslim and 372 (92.2%) were married. More than half of the study participants had poor quality of life 238 (59%) with burning 343 (93%), tingling 365 (90%) sensation. A total of 290 (72%) of the study participants were suffering from severe pain. It was found that the limiting aspect was the psychological domain. Significant association (p<0.05) was seen with age, gender, religion and education with QOL. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants had poor quality of life (59%) with the greatest impact on psychological domain after the onset of pain and presented a positive attitude for treatment towards it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sayantani Bhunia, Kuntala Ray, Anindita Maiti, Anindita Mondal, Moumita Mandal, Mausumi Basu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Adherence and Factors Associated with it among Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh: A Prospective study
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with India bearing the highest burden. Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) is a critical strategy to prevent latent TB infection (LTBI) from progressing to active disease, particularly among household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB patients. Objective: This study evaluates the completion rate and factors influencing TPT adherence in Agra district, India. Methods: A community based prospective follow up study was conducted from January 2024 to December 2024 in two randomly selected Tuberculosis Units (TU) (Lohamandi and Bichpuri) in Agra district. A total of 360 Household contacts (HHC) were enrolled in the study. Data was collected via a pilot-tested, semi-structured questionnaire based on the Programmatic Management of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (PMTPT) guidelines. Participants were followed for six months to assess TPT completion, adverse effects and factors influencing compliance of TPT. Results: The TPT completion rate was 55.3%, with 40.9% lost to follow-up and 3.8% discontinuing due to adverse effects. Factors significantly associated with completion included higher education, occupation, socio-economic status, regular follow-up, and awareness of TPT importance (all p<0.001). Common barriers to adherence were lack of perceived need (41.9%) and forgetfulness (38.7%). Reported side effects were minimal, including lethargy (2.8%) and skin rashes (1.1%). Conclusion: Study highlights that TPT adherence in Agra district is slightly over half hindered by low awareness and poor follow-up. Strengthening education, routine monitoring, and addressing socio-economic barriers are essential to enhancing TPT outcomes and achieving India's TB elimination target by 2025.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanghmitra Singh, Geetu Singh, Himalaya Singh, Gajendra Vikram Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adult Vaccination among Diabetic Patients: An Assessment of Awareness, Coverage and Acceptance in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India
Introduction: Adult vaccination is widely recognized as a highly cost-effective public health measure, despite its benefits many diabetics may not grasp their importance or have misconceptions, affecting their acceptance. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness and to estimate the coverage and find out the level of acceptance of adult vaccination. Methods: An observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted in Diabetes OPD of tertiary care hospital in Kolkata among 423 diabetics patients using consecutive sampling methods attending Diabetic OPD for a duration 6 months (September 2023-February 2024). A pre-designed, pre-tested, structured schedule comprising of socio demographic clinical profile, awareness, coverage and acceptance of vaccine was used for face-to-face interview. Data were analysed by Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS v25.0. Results: Out of 423 participants more than half (57%) were male, and mean age of them were 50.7 years (±11.2). Ninety one percent (91%) of study participants had type II Diabetes Mellitus, and more than two thirds (67.4 %) suffered from co-morbidities. Thirteen percent (13%) had adequate awareness about adult vaccination and very few (7%) had administered Hepatitis B vaccine. Seventy one percent (71%) of the study participants were ready to get Influenza vaccine after being aware. Fear of adverse effects and out of pocket expenditure were the major reason from non-acceptance of vaccines. Conclusion: Eighty-seven percent (87%) of the participants had inadequate awareness about adult vaccines and only seven percent (7%) of them had taken Hepatitis B vaccination.
Copyright (c) 2025 Somnath Naskar, Aparajita Mondal, Ratul Kumar Bysack, Mausumi Basu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Cross-Sectional Study on Consumption of Iron and Folic Acid Supplements and its Determinants among Women During Pregnancy in Rural Punjab, India
Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a public health problem and is an important indirect cause of maternal mortality. Iron deficiency is regarded as the most common cause of anaemia during pregnancy. World Health Organization recommends daily oral iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation as part of antenatal care. Despite this recommendation, the use of IFA supplements is still very low in several developing countries. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of consumption of IFA supplements and to identify its determinants among women while pregnant. Methods: It was a population based cross sectional study done in rural field practice area of community medicine. Total of 370 mothers of two months to two years old children were selected by PPS sampling. Data so collected was analysed by SPSS using descriptive inferential and chi square test. Results: Prevalence of IFA consumption for 180 days or more was 56.7%. Factors like caste, socioeconomic status of family, education of respondent as well as husband, parity and knowledge about antenatal care, anaemia and IFA consumption were significantly associated with consumption of IFA supplements. Side effects, forgetfulness and lack of knowledge about duration of intake were main reasons for discontinuation. Conclusion: There is a need to generate awareness regarding importance and correct duration of IFA consumption during pregnancy and constant mobilisation and support by health workers is required to increase the compliance
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanyogita Gupta, Priyanka Devgun, Harpreet Kaur , Harjot Birgi, Vishal Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessment of Practices Regarding Hepatitis B Infection and Its Prevention among Undergraduate Students of a Government Medical College in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant occupational risk to healthcare workers, including medical students. Assessing their preventive practices is critical to mitigate future transmission risks within healthcare settings. Objectives: This study aimed to assess practices related to Hepatitis B infection and its prevention, and to identify associated factors among medical undergraduates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2019, among 573 MBBS students at a government medical college in Western Uttar Pradesh. Data were collected via a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire, capturing socio-demographic details and responses on HBV practices. Practice scores were categorized as good, average, or poor. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29 (trial version), applying Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to assess associations. Results: Out of 600 eligible undergraduate students, 573 responded (96% response rate). Most students (97.2%) exhibited good preventive practices. However, only 74.5% were vaccinated, and a mere 18.8% had ever been tested for HBV. Razor-sharing was reported by 24.3%, highlighting risky behaviour. Lower professional years exhibited higher percentage of good practices. Professional year showed a statistically significant association with practice levels (p=0.01). Conclusion: A high proportion of students (97.2%) reported having good practices, however gaps persist in vaccination coverage, testing, and health education participation. Strengthening behavioural interventions, integrating routine HBV screening, and emphasizing preventive training throughout medical education are essential to ensure sustained safe practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rudresh Negi, Renu Agarwal, Ishaan Virmani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Mixed-method Study on Coping Mechanism among Caregivers of Thalassemia Patients Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital in West Bengal, India
Introduction: Thalassemia is a severe chronic anaemia. Caregivers face many stresses to provide the best possible medical care for their children. They develop a variety of coping mechanism. Objectives: To determine coping mechanism among caregivers of thalassemia patients and its associated factors; To explore challenges faced by caregivers of thalassemia patients. Methods: Institutional based observational study with convergent parallel mixed method study design was conducted in tertiary care hospital at OPD of Haematology Department in Kolkata, India. Total of 130 caregivers were selected through systematic random sampling for the quantitative strand who were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaire and the Coping Health Inventory for Parents-45 (CHIP). Additionally, seven in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative strand. Data were analysed using MS Excel 2019, SPSS v25, and QDA Miner Lite v3.0.2 with coding and thematic analysis after data saturation. Results: Among the caregivers 55 (42.3%) and 75 (57.7%) were mothers and fathers respectively with median age of 34 years. The median total score of the CHIP was 75, where 49% caregivers had adequate and 51% had inadequate coping skills. There was significant association between inadequate coping with poor social support (p=0.045) and frequent blood transfusion interval (p=0.020). The qualitative strand of this mixed-methods study identified five major themes-health problems, self-negligence, financial issues, familial issues and spiritual beliefs. Conclusion: Nearly half of the caregivers exhibited inadequate coping due to poor social support and shorter intervals between blood transfusions. Comprehensive support systems are crucial to improve their coping and overall quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shaswati Biswas, Madhumita Bhattacharyya, Monalisha Sahu, Rivu Basu, Bobby Paul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Resilience among the Undergraduate Students in a Medical College in Kolkata: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Medical education is competitive, causing academic, clinical, and psychosocial stress, which contributes to rising depression and suicide rates among students. Resilience, the ability to cope with setbacks, serves as a stable protective factor against stress and burnout. Objectives: To estimate resilience among Undergraduate students of a Medical College in Kolkata and to determine the association of resilience with selected sociodemographic and academic variables. Methods: A facility-based observational study, cross-sectional in design, was conducted among 160 undergraduate students selected by stratified random sampling in a medical college of Kolkata. Sample size was calculated considering p=0.5, a precision of 7 %, design effect of 0.8 and considering 5% nonresponder rate. A predesigned, pre-validated structured questionnaire was used, comprising socio-demographic variables, the WHO 5 wellbeing score, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Association was calculated by the Chi-square test. Those having a significant association with them were taken for binary logistic regression. The value of p less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 160 study participants, 33% had a low level of resilience. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher age [AOR 2.22(1.03-4.76)], having no problems in the family [AOR 2.44(1.07-5.56)], and having a good WHO five wellbeing score [AOR 2.7(1.23-5.88)], have higher odds of having adequate resilience. Conclusion: About one-third of the study participants (33%) had low resilience. Male sex, higher age, belonging to joint family, having no problem in the family, absence of any comorbidity and having good WHO 5 wellbeing score had higher odds of developing adequate resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Subhajoy Maitra, Sayeli Mitra, Archi Chandra, Aditi Aikat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Facilitators and Barriers of Service Utilization in the Ayushman Arogya Mandirs of Tripura: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: In order to deliver comprehensive primary health care, the existing Sub Health Centres were converted into Health and Wellness Centre (HWC) now known as Ayushman Arogya Mandirs under the twin pillars of Ayushman Bharat Scheme. However, Universal Health Coverage (UHC) remains an elusive aim due to various shortcomings in the quality and availability of services. Objective: To identify the facilitators and barriers of utilization of the services of Health and Wellness Centres of Tripura. Methods: This was a Qualitative study, using In-depth Interview method where 35 key informants’ in-depth interviews were conducted in different health and wellness centre areas from the districts of Tripura and data were analysed using the Thematic network analysis framework. Results: Unavailability of services (like medicines and functioning equipment), lack of accessibility, lack of satisfaction, lack of awareness and poor health seeking behaviour were identified as major barriers of utilization of the services. On the other hand, positive working attitudes of the staff, availability of MCH services, friendly environment and good communication of staffs were found as facilitators in the utilization of services. Conclusion: The study highlighted that poor accessibility of health centres, unavailability of medicines, equipment etc., were acting as barriers whereas availability of the MCH services and staff behaviour were facilitating the service utilization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paulami Nag, Rituparna Das, Subrata Baidya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Association Between Prior Tuberculosis History and Treatment Outcomes in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Bedaquiline-Based Therapy: Prospective Observational Study from Western India
Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant public health challenge in India. While treatment success in DR-TB cases remains limited, bedaquiline-based oral longer regimens have shown promising results in select studies. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether a patient’s prior TB status influences treatment outcomes under a bedaquiline-based regimen and to assess other previous TB-related variables affecting current DR-TB outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Rajkot, Gujarat, between April 2023 and September 2024. Fifty DR-TB patients on bedaquiline-based oral longer regimens were selected using purposive sampling. Data on previous TB treatment, clinical and demographic variables were collected. Treatment outcomes were categorized as cured, treatment completed, defaulted, died, or failed. Statistical analysis using Chi-square and Cramer’s V was conducted to assess associations. Results: Of the 50 patients, 74% were underweight and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and 58% were female. Patients with a history of cured drug-sensitive TB (DSTB) demonstrated the highest favourable outcomes, with 70% showing success, and 55% achieving cure. In contrast, those with prior treatment failure or no TB history had poorer outcomes. However, the association between prior TB status and current DR-TB outcomes was not statistically significant (Chi-square = 20.99, p > 0.05; Cramer’s V = 0.3), indicating a weak correlation. Conclusion: Although cured DSTB history appears to improve outcomes, previous TB status alone does not significantly predict DR-TB treatment success. A comprehensive approach addressing adherence, resistance, comorbidities, nutrition, and social factors is crucial for better outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruchita Anilbhai Sakaria, Bina Modi, Anjana MS, Bharti Koria, Kamlesh Vithalani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrity in Research – The Cornerstone of Trust in Science
In recent years, the credibility of research has come under intense scrutiny. Scientific inquiry is built on curiosity, rigor, and honesty – yet, the very foundations are sometimes shaken by instances of misconduct, ranging from data fabrication and plagiarism to questionable authorship practices. Retractions of published papers, once considered rare and exceptional, have now become a regular feature in scholarly communication. Each retraction represents not just a blemish on the record of an individual or institution, but also an erosion of public trust in science. Institutions play an important role in upholding the values and integrity of research and science.
Copyright (c) 2025 Animesh Jain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceptions and Effect of Mentoring of MBBS Students in a Peripheral Medical College of West Bengal
Introduction: Various medical colleges of West Bengal have developed ‘Mentoring Program’ offering guidance to students. Objectives: To assess mentees’ and mentors’ perception regarding mentoring during MBBS, to identify the barriers in a mentor-mentee relationship, to observe the effect of mentoring on perceived stress among students and identify association between stress level and socio-demographic profile. Methods: Institution based analytical study (November 2021 - October 2022) where total enumeration of third year students was done (n=183). HESI scale was used for the stress score & association between stress level and socio-demographic profile (chi-square/fisher’s exact test) were done. Results: Majority of the students 151 (82.51%) stated that they were benefitted from the mentoring. Among the benefitted students 35 (23.18%) stated it as academic, 22 (14.57%) as personal and 88 (58.27%) as both. Most of the students felt an ideal mentor should be friendly 161 (87.98%), easily approachable 166 (90.71%), a good listener 144 (78.69%), understandable 148 (80.87%), soft spoken 125 (68.31%), and should guide by valuable suggestions 138 (75.41%). About the barriers in communicating with the mentor 61 (33.33%) stated time constraints as the major barrier. A significant reduction in mean stress scores, from 2.48 (±0.39) before a mentoring program to 2.40 (±0.34) after (p < .005) by HESI scale was seen by paired t-test. Stress was not found to be significant with socio-demographic profile (chi-square/fisher’s exact test). Conclusions: Perception regarding mentoring among the mentors & mentees was found to be positive. Mentoring played a significant role in stress reduction among the students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Surajit Lahiri, Sonali Choudhari, Prianka Mukhopadhyay, Manisha Sarkar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0